Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. Philby was a 19-year-old art student when his father was exposed in 1963 as a traitor. This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. I dont accept Philbys excuses. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". He became more optimistic once the family was deemed fully rehabilitated and they moved to Moscow in 1955. 894646. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. Were working to restore it. In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. Aileen died in 1957, when Tommy was just 11 years old; his contact with his father was cut off as soon as the double spy defected to the USSR in January 1963. The intercepted messages revealed that the British Embassy source (identified as "Homer") travelled to New York City to meet his Soviet contact twice a week. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . The situation in Washington was tense. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. I questioned her about it but she would give me no details. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. Pierre-Charles Path. Harry St John Philby on his 1917 trek across the Arabian Peninsula, which he recorded in his 1922 book 'Heart of Arabia'. When they had not returned on the Sunday night, her mother was frantic. There was nothing more [he] could do. In a 1981 lecture to the East German security service (the Stasi), Philby attributed the failure of the British Secret Service to unmask him as due in great part to the British class systemit was inconceivable that one "born into the ruling class of the British Empire" would be a traitorto the amateurish and incompetent nature of the organisation, and to so many in MI6 having so much to lose if he was proven to be a spy. Of the five, Philby is believed to have been most successful in providing secret information to the Soviets.[2]. We retrace the steps of the vast desert's earliest western adventurers and uncover tales of rivalry, stealth and concern for the future of the Bedouin. [88], While working as a correspondent in Spain, Philby began an affair with Frances Doble, Lady Lindsay-Hogg, an actress and aristocratic divorce who was an admirer of Franco and Hitler. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. He never promised to give up, but once, completely unexpectedly, he suddenly said, 'I'm afraid I'm going to lose you, I'm not going to drink any more.' Born in Rotterdam, George was the son of Albert Behar, a Turkish-born Sephardic Jew, and his wife, Catherine (nee Beijderwellen), a Dutch Protestant. [63] From 1960, Philby's formerly marginal work as a journalist became more substantial and he frequently travelled throughout the Middle East, including Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait and Yemen. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. n ADAPTED from A Spy Named Orphan by Roland Philipps, to be published by The Bodley Head on April 26 at 20. ", His habit was fuelled by his sorrow over what he saw around him, she added. Now Josephine, the eldest of his five children, has described how his family coped with the aftermath of a betrayal that shocked the nation. Upon her return to Istanbul in late 1948, she was badly burned in an incident with a charcoal stove and returned to Switzerland. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . He was very good when he was around. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. He told the paper that Kim eventually came to think that it was all wrong, implying that Philby grew disillusioned with the Soviet system. [83] Philby claimed publicly in January 1988 that he did not regret his decisions and that he missed nothing about England except some friends, Colman's mustard and Lea & Perrins Worcestershire sauce. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby, fdd 1 januari 1912 i Ambala, Provinsen Punjab, Brittiska Indien, dd 11 maj 1988 i Moskva, Sovjetunionen, var en brittisk stor spion och dubbelagent samt verste inom KGB . By the time she left Russia, Maclean was in his final decline, in and out of hospital with cancer from his lifetime of smoking. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. But it wasnt true. There, a porter recalled taking their luggage to a waiting car with Salzburg number plates which drove off towards Vienna. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. ''His boozy amours, his tough postures, his intelligence expertise, are directly related to the same characteristics in (Ian) Fleming's hero. In contrast to Blake, Philby and Burgess and to a less extent Maclean suffered from nostalgia for Britain. Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans. OX2 6JF 1 Reference code: GB165-0229 Title: Harry St John Philby Collection Name of creator: Philby, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Explorer and Orientalist Dates of creation of material: c1902-1957 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 89 boxes Biographical history: PHILBY, Harry St John Bridger (1885-1960) Halfway there, they switched cars and drove to a small airport in the Soviet zone of Austria. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. The difference between the two concepts is important, as the information position of the two categories is rather different. Philby's less attractive personal qualities were matched by a charm to which many of his MI6 colleagues succumbed. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. There, a tall man in a blue suit and red bow-tie held out his hand and said: I am Donald Maclean. With him in the room was Guy Burgess. death death: 1988-05-11. manner of death: Natural Causes cause of death: Myocardial Infarction. During the Phoney War from September 1939 until the Dunkirk evacuation, Philby worked as The Times' first-hand correspondent with the British Expeditionary Force headquarters. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. Alamy. "[20], In 1938, Walter Krivitsky (born Samuel Ginsberg), a former GRU officer in Paris who had defected to France the previous year, travelled to the United States and published an account of his time in "Stalin's secret service". He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. Without Club Last club: Basingstoke Most games for: Reading U18 Without Club since: Dec 22, 2018 . Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. Fergus announced to some children with whom he was playing that My Daddy wants to stop all wars. [65] Nicholas Elliott, an MI6 officer recently stationed in Beirut who was a friend of Philby's and had previously believed in his innocence, was tasked with attempting to secure Philby's full confession. He also delivered clothes and money to refugees. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. Then she drove off with the children. Philby was only an agent of one service, the KGB. The Anglo-German Fellowship, at this time, was supported both by the British and German governments, and Philby made many trips to Berlin. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. [11][pageneeded], Philby provided Stalin with advance warning of Operation Barbarossa and of the Japanese intention to strike into southeast Asia instead of attacking the Soviet Union as Hitler had urged. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . Shortly after the extent of Philby's penetration was publicised in October. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. In November 1964, after a visit to the United States, she returned, intending to settle permanently. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. But the two men, for so long ideological comrades, fell out. Registered in England No. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. He feared that she would dump him because he was just a boring official in the British diplomatic service so to make myself look better and more important, I told her the reason why I led such a life. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Following Aileen Philby's death in 1957 and Eleanor's subsequent divorce from Brewer, Philby and Eleanor were married in London in 1959 and set up house together in Beirut. He recalled that in 1948, when he was five, Burgess came to stay for a holiday. I liked her determination. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. His drinking made him paranoid that his wife would abandon him. He graduated in 1933 with a 2:1 degree in Economics. Journalist Ben Macintyre, author of several works on espionage, speculated that MI6 might have left open the opportunity for Philby to flee to Moscow to avoid an embarrassing public trial. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. Tagged with Cold War, defectors, double agents, Dudley Thomas Philby, H.A.R. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. Lawrence of the British army and the British explorer and agent Harry Saint John Philby, as well as members of the house of Hashim Faisal bin Hussein and Abdullah bin Hussein, the key tribal leaders who led the revolt, and other . Commenting on his sabotage of the operation to secretly send thousands of Albanian anti-communists into Albania to overthrow the communist government, which led to many being killed, Philby rebutted that he helped prevent another World War. Harry St John Bridger Philby CIE (born 3 April 1885, Badulla, British Ceylon - 30 September 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( ), his Arabic name, was an Arabist, explorer, writer, and British colonial office intelligence officer. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. The first three missions, overland from Greece, were trouble-free. The minister told the House of Commons, "I have no reason to conclude that Mr. Philby has at any time betrayed the interests of his country, or to identify him with the so-called 'Third Man', if indeed there was one. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. These lapses by Philby aroused intense suspicion in Moscow. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. [86][pageneeded]. A few days after her return to Switzerland, she told her mother she had run into an old friend in the local market and hed invited her and the children to stay with him for the weekend in his villa at the other end of Lake Geneva. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. Born in Ambala, Punjab, British India, Harold Adrian Russell Philby was the son of Dora Johnston and St John Philby, an author, Arabist and explorer. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. ", Pukhova, now 78, said she was irritated by stories about Philby's drink problem, but admitted he wasn't always able to stick to his two-glass rule. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. He had the policy of never confessinga document in his own handwriting was dismissed as a forgery. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. He said that at the time of his recruitment as a spy there were no prospects of his being useful; he was instructed to make his way into the Secret Service, which took years, starting with journalism and building up contacts in the establishment. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); A specialized intelligence website written by experts, since 2008. She would be his silent witness for all the difficult years ahead. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. However, when Elliott asked him to sign a written statement, he hesitated and requested a delay in the interrogation. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. [11][pageneeded]. He was happy in Moscow and fulfilled by his work. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. His office oversaw a large amount of urgent and top-secret communications between the United States and London. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. Expert news and commentary on intelligence, espionage, spies and spying, January 24, 2013 Want to Read. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. Matthew Tomkinson / Heart of Arabia Expedition. [11][pageneeded], Both the British and the Soviets were interested in analyzing the combat performance of the new Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter planes and Panzer I and Panzer II tanks deployed with Falangist forces in Spain. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. children: Dudley Thomas Philby, Harry George Philby, John . Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. By the end of the Second World War he had become a high-ranking member. This turned out to be identical with Barclay's dispatch, convincing the NKVD that Philby had seen the full Barclay report. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . Philby told the British, after a direct question to Franco, that German troops would never be permitted to cross Spain to attack Gibraltar. (LogOut/ [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. At this point, however, Philby and Friedmann separated. In 1936 he began working at a failing trade magazine, the Anglo-Russian Trade Gazette, as editor. [68], Philby told Elliott that he was "half expecting" to see him. [36][37] Charles Arnold-Baker, an officer of German birth (born Wolfgang von Blumenthal) working for Richard Gatty in Belgium and later transferred to the Norwegian/Swedish border, voiced many suspicions of Philby and Philby's intentions but was ignored time and time again.[5]. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. This is absolutely the best place for us. In late summer 1943, the SIS provided the GRU an official report on the activities of German agents in Bulgaria and Romania, soon to be liberated by the Soviet Union. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. His arrest led to others, Harry Gold, a courier with whom Fuchs had worked, David Greenglass and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. J. Edgar Hoover complained that Burgess used British Embassy automobiles to avoid arrest when he cruised Washington in pursuit of homosexual encounters. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. His father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, was a Colonial Office intelligence officer. Melinda fitted the bill. He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. Sister of Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby; Diana Mary Bridger Philby and Helena Verna Philby. He had five, one of whom, incidentally, was named after George Washington, the American president. Larger numbers were landed by sea and air under Operation Valuable, which continued until 1951, increasingly under the influence of the newly formed CIA. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. Kim Philby drank while Guy Burgess, who was gay, missed his friends in London, including Anthony Blunt whose spying activities, though known to the government, were kept under wraps until they were exposed much later, in 1979. Volkov 's defection had been sent and that none had been discussed with the British Embassy automobiles avoid! 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