[136] On October 4, 2012, 78-year-old Texas landowner Eleanor Fairchild was arrested for criminal trespassing and other charges after she was accused of standing in front of pipeline construction equipment on Fairchild's farm in Winnsboro, a town about 100 miles (160km) east of Dallas. [74] This proved to be a major setback for TransCanada since they would have "years of new review and legal challenges". [4][5][107] Oil producers in the U.S. pushed for this phase so the glut of oil can be distributed out of the large oil tank farms and distribution center in Cushing. The oil flow was stopped on Wednesday, December 7 just seven minutes after a leak was discovered. The leak spilled 14,000 barrels (or nearly 600,000 . [169], In 2013, United States Democrats were concerned that Keystone XL would not provide petroleum products for domestic use, but simply facilitate getting Alberta oil sands products to American coastal ports on the Gulf of Mexico for export to China and other countries. At every turn, the Tar Sands Invasion would put people and the environment in harm's way. Tar sands oil is thicker, more acidic, and more corrosive than lighter conventional crude, and this ups the likelihood that a pipeline carrying it will leak. "However, such a change is not likely to occur. [3], The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration began an investigation into the leak. [16] By comparison, production of petroleum in the United States averaged 9.4million barrels (1.5million cubic meters) per day in first-half 2015, with gross exports of 500,000 barrels (79,000m3) per day through July 2015. [196] In contrast, the President of the Rosebud Sioux Nation, Cyril Scott, has stated that the November 14, 2014, vote in favor of the Keystone XL pipeline in the U.S. House of Representatives is an "act of war", declaring: We are outraged at the lack of intergovernmental cooperation. of State concerning Keystone XL pipeline, "Keystone XL Pipeline: About the project", "Senate Fails to Override Obama's Keystone Pipeline Veto", "GOP Threatens to Subpoena State Department", "TransCanada Requests Suspension of U.S. [54][209], On September 5, 2012, TransCanada submitted an environmental report on the new route in Nebraska, which the company says is "based on extensive feedback from Nebraskans, and reflects our shared desire to minimize the disturbance of land and sensitive resources in the state". "[226], Different environmental groups, citizens, and politicians have raised concerns about the potential negative impacts of the Keystone XL project. [220] Despite some records being posted by consulted agencies such as the EPA, the State Department has not responded to the request. economy. This included the shortening of the pipeline to 875 miles (1,408km); its avoidance of "crossing the NDEQ-identified Sandhills Region" and "reduction of the length of pipeline crossing the Northern High Plains Aquifer system, which includes the Ogallala formation". In turn, it will impact Americas energy security and its economy by lowering energy prices. [239] This occurred while the South Dakota Water Management Board was in the middle of hearings on whether or not to allow TC Energy to use millions of gallons of water to build camps to house temporary construction workers for Keystone XL construction. On the campaign trail, Biden vowed to cancel the Keystone XL cross-border permit should he win the presidencyand on his first day in office, he made good on that promise. [259], TransCanada Corporation responded with a letter by President and CEO Russel K. Girling stating that TransCanada "rejects the EPA inference that at lower oil prices the [Keystone XL Pipeline] Project will increase the rate of oil sands production growth and accompanying greenhouse gas emissions". Oil trains wont get better brakes, air conditioners wont get safer chemicals, and children lose their EPA advocate. [15] Phase III has capacity to deliver up to 700,000 barrels (110,000m3) per day to the Texas refineries. [146], Commentator Bill Mann has linked the Keystone postponement to the Michigan Senate's rejection of Canadian funding for the proposed Gordie Howe International Bridge and to other recent instances of "U.S. government actions (and inactions) that show little concern about Canadian concerns". (For evidence, note the 2010 tar sands oil spill in Kalamazoo River, Michigan, a disaster that cost Enbridge more than a billion dollars in cleanup fees and took six years to settle in court.) [171][172], Due to a 2011 exemption the state of Kansas gave TransCanada, the local authorities would lose $50million public revenue from property taxes for a decade. EPA staff perform oil and sediment sampling near Battle Creek, Michigan, after the Kalamazoo spill. When the Obama administration refused to grant the cross-border permit necessary to build TC Energys Keystone XL oil pipeline in November 2015, it struck a blow against polluting powers and acknowledged the consensus on this misguided project from a wide swath of communities, experts, and organizations. [6] The Environmental Protection Agency dispatched two coordinators, who determined there was no impact to drinking water in the Washington County area. Doer said that all the evidence supports a favorable decision by the US government for the controversial pipeline.[150]. [254], In a February 2015, the US EPA responded to the U.S. Department of State's Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (Final SEIS) for the Keystone XL Pipeline Project,[255] that the pipeline will significantly increase greenhouse gas emissions because it will lead to the expansion of Alberta's carbon-intensive oilsands. [185] A broad coalition of protesters, including Phil Radford, Daryl Hannah,[186] Dave Heineman, Ben Nelson, Mike Johanns and Susie Tompkins Buell challenged him to keep that promise. In June 2021, TC Energy announced that it was abandoning its plans for building the pipeline for goodputting an end to a fossil fuel project that had loomed over waterways, communities, and the climate for more than a decade. NRDC.org stories are available for online republication by news media outlets or nonprofits under these conditions: The writer(s) must be credited with a byline; you must note prominently that the story was originally published by NRDC.org and link to the original; the story cannot be edited (beyond simple things such as time and place elements, style, and grammar); you cant resell the story in any form or grant republishing rights to other outlets; you cant republish our material wholesale or automaticallyyou need to select stories individually; you can't republish the photos or graphics on our site without specific permission; you should drop us a note to let us know when youve used one of our stories. Historic flooding recently inundated parts of the Cornhusker State where the proposed Keystone XL pipeline would pass through. From here, it will be sent to different overseas markets. [274], In April 2013, it was learned that the government of Alberta was investigating, as an alternative to the pipeline south through the United States, a shorter all-Canadian pipeline north to the Arctic coast, from where the oil would be taken by tanker ships through the Arctic Ocean to markets in Asia and Europe[275] and in August, TransCanada announced a new proposal to create a longer all-Canada pipeline, called Energy East, that would extend as far east as the port city of Saint John, New Brunswick, at the same time providing feedstock to refineries in Montreal, Quebec City, and Saint John. The Canadian portion of the pipeline runs from Hardisty, AB, east through Manitoba where it turns south and crosses the border into North Dakota. Leading climate scientist and former NASA researcher James Hansen has warned that fully exploiting Canadas tar sands reserves by moving forward with these projects would mean game over for our climate. Meanwhile, major new tar sands projects stopped moving forward, despite investments from the government of Alberta, Canada. [155] The large trade relationship between the US and Venezuela has persisted despite political tensions between the two countries. By September 29, 2015, TransCanada (later TC Energy) had dropped the lawsuit and acceded to the authority of elected, five-member Nebraska Public Service Commission, which has the state constitutional authority to approve gas and oil pipelines. The proposed Keystone XL extension actually comprised two segments. In addition, due to its vulnerability to spill accidents, there have been many keystone pipeline facts and myths speculating this pipeline project. Additionally, it will cause havoc on labor organizations and environmentalists looking to address global climate change. [61] On February 11, 2015, the Keystone XL Pipeline was passed by the House of Representatives with the proposed Senate Amendments 270152. [213], In April 2013, the EPA challenged the U.S. State Department report's conclusion that the pipeline would not result in greater oil sand production, noting that "while informative, [it] is not based on an updated energy-economic modeling effort". This story was originally published on April 7, 2017, and has been updated with new information and links. [111], On January 18, 2018, TransCanada announced they had secured commitments to ship 500,000 barrels (79,000m3) per day for 20 years. It is unclear how much of the oil transported through the pipeline would have reached American consumers instead of being exported to other countries. [52], In September 2011, Cornell ILR Global Labor Institute released the results of the GLI Keystone XL Report, which evaluated the pipeline's impact on employment, the environment, energy independence, the economy, and other critical areas. When Nebraska landowners who had refused TransCanada the permission it needed for pipeline easements on their properties, TransCanada attempted to exercise eminent domain over such use. [268] This project replaced the earlier proposed alternative Wrangler pipeline project from Cushing to the Gulf Coast. Simultaneous 'solidarity' protests were also organized in several other cities across the United States, Europe, and Canada. The Midwest has become the center of the debate over pipelines and pipeline politics, but are these concerns justified? Cushing is a major crude oil marketing/refining and pipeline hub. The era of building fossil fuel pipelines without scrutiny of their potential impact on climate change and on local communities is over, Swift says. As an expansion of the companys existing Keystone Pipeline System, which has been operating since 2010 (and continues to send Canadian tar sands crude oil from Alberta to various processing hubs in the middle of the United States), the pipeline promised to dramatically increase capacity to process the 168 billion barrels of crude oil locked up under Canadas boreal forest. As the original caretakers, we know what it will take to ensure these lands are available for generations to come. [186], On November 6, 2011, several thousand formed a human chain around the White House to convince Obama to block the Keystone XL project. [224] However, while TransCanada had asserted that a set of 57conditions will ensure Keystone XL's safe operation, Anthony Swift of the Natural Resources Defense Council asserted that all but a few of these conditions simply restate current minimum standards. On November 22, 2011, the Nebraska unicameral legislature passed unanimously two bills with the governor's signature that enacted a compromise agreed upon with the pipeline builder to move the route, and approved up to US$2million in state funding for an environmental study. Refining the sticky black gunk produces piles of petroleum coke, a hazardous, coal-like by-product. The first, a southern leg, had already been completed and now runs between Cushing, Oklahoma, and Port Arthur, Texas. The federal Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration said that the failure "may have been caused by mechanical damage to the pipeline and coating associated with a weight installed on the pipeline in 2008". How an unlikely coalition of environmental activists stopped the destructive tar sands oil pipeline. [66][67][68] Financial commitment towards completion of the pipeline was weakened by a number of technological factors as well. its plants and animals, and the natural systems on which all life depends. [138] The report prompted 14 senators and congressmen to ask the State Department inspector general on October 26, 2011 "to investigate whether conflicts of interest tainted the process" for reviewing environmental impact. [40] Phase 1 went online in June 2010. While the tar sands industry was once seen as an unbeatable opponent in a David-and-Goliath fight, the victory against Keystone XL shows that the tables have begun to turnand that more power now lies with the advocates for climate justice than ever before. [19] It would have run through Baker, Montana, where American-produced light crude oil from the Williston Basin (Bakken formation) of Montana and North Dakota would have been added[12] to the Keystone's throughput of synthetic crude oil (syncrude) and diluted bitumen (dilbit) from the oil sands of Canada. The study found that the pipeline would have limited adverse environmental impacts, but was authored by a firm that had "previously worked on projects with TransCanada and describes the pipeline company as a 'major client' in its marketing materials". On April 15, 2020, District Judge Brian Morris issued a suspension for the pipeline's construction after the plaintiffs, the Northern Plains Resource Council, alleged the project was improperly reauthorised back in 2017. How Many Okinawa Kids Did Frantz Take Under His Wing. [15][3], On June 3, 2011, Pipeline Hazardous Materials and Safety Administration (PHMSA) issued TransCanada a Corrective Action Order (CAO), for Keystone's May 2011 leaks. This has proved to be untrue. [55][56] Whats more surprising is that these jobs will be non-local and of temporary nature. [26][42][43], In June 2010, Keystone Pipeline (Phase I) was completed and was delivering oil from Hardisty, Alberta, over 3,456 kilometres (2,147mi) to the junction at Steele City, Nebraska, and on to Wood River Refinery in Roxana, Illinois, and Patoka Oil Terminal Hub north of Patoka, Illinois. | Indigenous Environmental Network", "Gulf Disaster Raises Alarms about Alberta to Texas Pipeline", "Nebraska governor signs bills to reroute Keystone pipeline", "GOP bill would force action on Canada oil pipeline", "Obama denies Keystone XL pipeline permit", Map of Pipelines and the Ogallala Aquifer, 2012, How Pipelines Make the Oil Market Work Their Networks, Operation and Regulation, Myth vs. In 2010 Glen Perry, a petroleum engineer for Adira Energy, warned that including the Alberta Clipper pipeline owned by TransCanada's competitor Enbridge, there is an extensive overcapacity of oil pipelines from Canada. [16] The Keystone XL Pipeline Project (Phase IV) revised proposal in 2012 consists of a new 36-inch (910mm) pipeline from Hardisty, Alberta, through Montana and South Dakota to Steele City, Nebraska, to "transport of up to 830,000 barrels per day (132,000m3/d) of crude oil from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta, Canada, and from the Williston Basin (Bakken) region in Montana and North Dakota, primarily to refineries in the Gulf Coast area". [240], On December 7, 2022, TC Energy in Canada initiated a shutdown of the Keystone Pipeline System in response to a 9PM Eastern Time alarm signaling a loss in pressure. A study published in early 2020, co-authored by TC Energys own scientists, found that the anti-corrosion coating on the projects pipes was damaged from being stored outside and exposed to the elements for the last decade, notes NRDC senior attorney Jaclyn Prange, who spent years working on KXL litigation. The projects corporate backerthe Canadian energy infrastructure company TC Energyofficially abandoned the project in June 2021 following President Joe Bidens denial of a key permit on his first day in office. This is a debate about whether you want to get your oil from Canada or Venezuela or Nigeria. [128] Earl Hatley, an environmental activist who has worked with Native American tribes[129] has expressed concern about the environmental and public health impact on Native Americans. In reality, Keystone XL will create a limited number of jobs that will mostly be non-local and temporary. This is why we fight[134] further explains the relationship with the Oceti Sakowin Tribe by referring to the environment as Mother Earth when resisting the Keystone Pipeline. [207], In January 2012, President Obama rejected the application amid protests about the pipeline's impact on Nebraska's environmentally sensitive Sandhills region. Published February 26, 2022 7:38am EST US energy dependence threatens national security, experts warn, as GOP calls on Biden to reopen Keystone XL One expert warned that America is allowing. Heres why thats a disaster in the making. Heineman: Pipeline Re-Routing is Nebraska Common Sense", "Editorial: Tar Sands and the Carbon Numbers", "Draft Supplementary Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS)", "November spill from Keystone pipeline larger than first estimated", "Keystone Pipeline spill in South Dakota twice as big as first thought", "Keystone Pipeline leaks 210,000 gallons of oil in South Dakota", "Keystone pipeline leak in South Dakota about double previous estimate: paper", "National Transportation Safety Board Pipeline Accident Brief", "The Keystone Pipeline oil spill was nearly twice as big as TransCanada said", "PHMSA: Stakeholder Communications Operator Information", "Keystone pipeline shut after spilling 9,000 barrels of oil in N. Dakota", "Keystone Pipeline Leak 10 Times Worse than Expected", "South Dakota Keystone XL opponents point to N. Dakota spill", "Oil prices rise after keystone pipeline leak", "Milepost 14 Incident TC Energy actively responding to oil incident", "Investigators, cleanup crews begin scouring oil pipeline spill in Kansas", "Keystone Pipeline shuts down after oil leak, halting flow of 600,000 barrels a day", "House members say tar sands pipeline will undermine clean energy future", "Enviro Groups, 50 Congressmen Mobilize Against Keystone XL", "Key US lawmaker opposes Canadian oil sands pipeline", "Pressure in U.S. mounts against oilsands pipeline", "How Much Will Tar Sands Oil Add to Global Warming? These sands contain bitumen, a gooey type of petroleum that can be converted into fuel. People and wildlife coming into contact with tar sands oil are exposed to toxic chemicals, and rivers and wetland environments are at particular risk from a spill. The oil leak is the largest seen from the Keystone pipeline in the state. By Tsvetana Paraskova - Dec 26, 2022, 3:30 AM CST TC Energy, the operator of the Keystone Pipeline, has received approval from the U.S. [12][13], TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd,[14] abbreviated here as Keystone, operates four phases of the project. Without Keystone XL, the tar sands industry has been forced to cancel projects rather than shift to rail, subsequently leaving more of the earths dirtiest fuel in the ground where it belongs. [138] However, the Department of State's Office of the Inspector General conducted an investigation of the potential conflict of interest, and its February 2012 report of that investigation states there was no conflict of interest either in the selection of the contractor or in the preparation of the environmental impact statement. However, people, environmental activities, and organizations working on climate change strongly oppose this project. In 2015, the U.S. State Department, under President Barack Obama, declined to grant the northern leg of the Keystone XL project the permit required to construct, maintain, and operate the pipeline across the U.S.Canada bordera permit that President Trump later granted and President Biden once again revoked. In may of 2019, the Sioux Nation held their own public hearing for native, and non-native people to voice their concerns about the Keystone Pipeline. [6][16], On January 24, 2017, in his first week in office, President Donald Trump signed a presidential memorandum to revive both Keystone XL pipelines,[70][71] which "would transport more than 800,000 barrels [130,000m3] per day of heavy crude" from Alberta to the Gulf Coast. It was constructed in 2010 and went online in February 2011.[3]. [28], Additional phases (III, completed in 2014, and IV, rejected in 2015) have been in construction or discussion since 2011. In this article he speaks on the dangers that could inevitably occur via the pipeline. [62] The Keystone XL Pipeline bill was not officially sent to President Obama, starting the official ten-day count towards the bill becoming law without presidential signature, until February 24, 2015. About 588,000 gallons of tar sands crude was released. [clarification needed][115][116][117], The pipeline was a prominent issue in the 2014 United States mid-term elections, and after Republicans gained control of the Senate that year, the project was revived. [151], Proponents for the Keystone XL pipeline argue that it would allow the U.S. to increase its energy security and reduce its dependence on foreign oil. In February 2011, the Keystone-Cushing extension (Phase II) was completed running 468 kilometres (291mi) from Steele City to a tank farm in Cushing, Oklahoma. What some pipeline advocates think is the "Keystone Pipeline" is a 1,700-mile "shortcut" called Keystone XL, or KXL. The company says it's already helping the U.S. meet its energy needs. One such protest, a historic act of civil disobedience outside the White House in August 2011, resulted in the arrest of more than 1,200 demonstrators. We are a sovereign nation, and we are not being treated as such. The Keystone Pipeline System, stretching 4,324 km (2,687-miles) in length, plays a key role in delivering Canadian and U.S. crude oil supplies to markets around North America. [217] On April 18, 2014, the Obama administration announced that the review of the controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline has been extended indefinitely, pending the result of a legal challenge to a Nebraska pipeline siting law that could change the route. It was expected to transport 830,000 barrels of Alberta tar sands oil per day to refineries on the Gulf Coast of Texas. In addition, the bitumen that will be flowing through this pipeline has a unique composition, and traditional cleaning methods do not work for it. 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